Redness, itching, blisters in summer? A sun allergy could be the explanation

Sun allergy is a colloquial term that describes the occurrence of unpleasant skin reactions after sun exposure. Approximately 1 in 5 to 1 in 10 people are affected, showing symptoms such as pustules, itching, and redness. In this article, we explain the different forms of sun allergy, their causes, and what can be done to treat them.

Typical symptoms of sun allergy

 Symptoms can vary from mild to severe:

• Mild symptoms: Skin redness
• More severe symptoms: Hives, blisters, swelling, and severe itching

Commonly affected areas are the face, arms, décolleté, shoulders, and neck, as these are usually directly exposed to the sun. If you are unsure whether it is actually a sun allergy, you should have the rash checked by a doctor as a precaution.

Different forms of sun allergy

1.     Polymorphous light eruption (allergy to the sun)

Polymorphous light eruption is the most common form of sun allergy, accounting for 90% of cases, where the skin reacts to long-wave UV-A rays from sunlight. It usually appears a few hours to a few days after intense sun exposure, especially if the skin is not yet accustomed to the sun.

What helps? Avoid intense sun exposure, protect yourself from the sun with long clothing or UV clothing, and use sunscreen with a high sun protection factor (SPF).

2.     Mallorca acne (allergy to fats and emulsifiers in sunscreens)

This form of sun allergy is triggered by the interaction of UV-A light with fats and emulsifiers in sunscreens. Fragrances and preservatives can also promote Mallorca acne.

What helps? Use oil-free, emulsifier-free, and unscented sunscreens and body care products if possible.

3.     Phototoxic and photoallergic reactions (interaction with ingredients and medications)

These rarer reactions occur due to the interaction of UV rays with certain substances in medications such as antibiotics, blood pressure reducers, or antidepressants. However, certain ingredients in cosmetics, perfumes, or care products can also promote phototoxic and photoallergic reactions.

What helps? If possible, avoid the triggering substances and use fragrance-free care products and sunscreens.

The right sun protection for sun allergy: Tips for sensitive skin

• Use an oil-free sunscreen with a high SPF to avoid allergic reactions
• Use sunscreens without fragrances and synthetic preservatives to prevent skin irritation
• Apply sunscreen generously – especially on highly exposed skin areas such as the face, shoulders, and décolleté
• Gradually accustom your skin to the sun and additionally protect yourself with suitable clothing and headwear

Treating sun allergy: Immediate help for acute symptoms

If a sun allergy occurs, the most important step is to immediately protect the skin from further sun exposure. Avoid direct sun and stay in the shade as much as possible. In most cases, symptoms such as redness, itching, or blisters will then disappear on their own within a few days.

To relieve the symptoms, you can treat the affected skin areas with a cooling after-sun lotion. Make sure to use a fragrance-free product to avoid additional skin irritation. If the rash persists for several days, you can take antihistamines against the itching and skin reaction in consultation with a doctor.