First Aid - Sunstroke and Heatstroke in Children

Summer brings sun, games, and fun—but also serious health risks, especially for the little ones. This is because their bodies cannot regulate heat as well as adults. Two of the most dangerous heat-related illnesses are sunstroke and heatstroke—they look similar at first glance but require different measures. We'll show you how to recognize the warning signs and what to do in an emergency.

What is the difference between sunstroke and heatstroke?

Sunstroke occurs due to direct and intense sun exposure to an unprotected head and neck, such as when playing in direct sunlight or on the beach. Young children are particularly at risk. Heat accumulates in the head, the brain overheats, and the meninges become irritated. The rest of the body is usually not affected—so the symptoms are localized to the head.

Heatstroke, on the other hand, affects the entire organism. It results from general overheating of the body, for example, in an overheated car, during physical exertion in the sun, or in humid, hot weather. The body can no longer regulate its temperature, and this can be life-threatening!

Typical symptoms of sunstroke in children

• Head & Skin: Hot, red head – body usually remains cool
• Well-being: Headaches or ringing in the ears, dizziness, nausea or vomiting, fatigue, concentration problems
• Other: Stiff neck or neck pain, inner restlessness or irritability

Good to know: Symptoms often appear several hours later, frequently in the evening after a long day in the sun.

Typical symptoms of heatstroke in children

• Elevated body temperature above 40°C (104°F)
• Dry, red skin – no sweating!
• Rapid pulse, shallow breathing
• Circulatory problems and general weakness
• Convulsions or disturbances of consciousness, even unconsciousness

Attention: Heatstroke is an emergency—therefore, if you suspect it, always call emergency services immediately and, when in doubt, it's better to act too much than too little!

First aid - what to do for sunstroke?

• Immediately move out of the sun and bring the child into the shade or a cool room
• Position the upper body slightly elevated
• Cool the head with damp cloths (but do not overcool!)
• Drink plenty of fluids, preferably water or unsweetened tea
• Calm and observe the child

Typically, symptoms improve within a few hours to two days.

First aid - what to do for heatstroke

• 🚑 Call emergency services – 112!
• Until help arrives: Bring the child into the shade or a cool room
• Position them calmly, with the upper body slightly elevated if possible
• Cool the head with damp cloths (but do not overcool!)
• Give fluids – only if the child is conscious!

In this situation, you should not leave your child alone!

Preventing sunstroke and heatstroke – the greatest dangers in summer

• Avoid midday sun – especially between 11 AM and 3 PM, depending on the location
• Wear head covering – hat, cap, or bonnet, ideally with neck protection
• UV clothing and sunscreen – even in the shade
• Drink plenty of fluids – regularly and not just when thirsty
• Never (!) leave alone in the car – not even "just for 5 minutes"
• Properly protect prams – use a sun sail or umbrella instead of a cloth to prevent heat buildup
• Be careful near water – sand and water reflect UV rays and intensify the sun's effect